Binocular Terminology

The precision reticle is visible in
the entire angle of view and
gives measurements in metres
or feet (0.33 m).
Measuring distances:
You sail along the coast and see in your map the height of a lighthouse in front of you is 40 m. You apply the lighthouse and read the value 20 from the number scale of the reticle.
The distance to be calculated is the actual size, 40 m in our
example, divided by the read size, 20 m in our example,
multiplied by 1000. 40 m / 20 = 2 x 1000 = 2000 m.
Thus, the lighthouse is at a distance of 2000 m.
A second example for the horizontal scale: You see a port entrance in front of you. You know it is 80m wide. Now you apply the portside light of the harbour on the left side of your reticle and read for the starboard side light a value of 60.
The distance to be calculated is the actual size, 80 m in our
example, divided by the read size, 60 m in our example,
multiplied by 1000. 80 m / 60 = 1,3 x 1000 = 1300 m.
Thus, the lighthouse is at a distance of 1300 m.
Formulas
distance:
distance = actual size / read size x 1000
actual size:
actual size = distance x read size / 1000
1 nautical mile = 1,852km